![]() ![]() Often, multiple treatments are required with minimal to no side effects. This laser uses thermolysis and results in irreversible damage to blood vessels but spares other components of the skin. The PWS has been reported to improve with pulsed dye laser photocoagulation. They also observed that, if all three dermatomes (V1, V2, V3) were involved, the risk of neurologic manifestations quadrupled. When both the V1 and V2 dermatomes were involved, the risk of both glaucoma (31.8%) and neurologic manifestations (54.5%) was much higher. They reported no risk of glaucoma and a lower risk of neurologic manifestations, 3.1%, when only the V2 distribution was involved. reported that patients with PWS only in the V1 dermatome had a 6.7% risk of glaucoma and 26.7% risk of neurologic manifestations. The distribution of PWS along various branches of the trigmenial nerve determines the severity of associated neurological deficits and associated glaucoma. In some cases, the ipsilateral nasal and buccal mucosa may also be involved on the side of PWS. If the PWS is present bilaterally, the likelihood of having SWS is higher than when the PWS is present unilaterally. Leptomeningeal and ocular hemangiomas are usually accompanied by PWS in the eyelids, with the upper eyelid being more frequently affected than the lower. The PWS is typically present in the V1 and V2 distributions of the trigeminal nerve. ![]() In addition, many small and large dark nodules can grow on the surface, resembling pyogenic granulomas. A PWS is a well delineated red macule that is present at birth and gets darker and thicker with age. The incidence of SWS in patients with a PWS has been reported to be between and 5%. The most common type of vascular malformation is port wine stain (PWS), with an overall incidence of 0.3% in live births. ![]()
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